Ph.D. Candidate · CBPF · Rio de Janeiro

Phelipe Darc

ASTROPHYSICS / MACHINE LEARNING / MULTI-MESSENGER ASTRONOMY

I am an astrostatistics scientist currently pursuing a PhD focused on discovering, classifying, and characterizing explosive astrophysical phenomena using multimodal data, including images, light curves, and spectra. My research focuses on the electromagnetic counterparts of compact-object mergers, including kilonovae from neutron star–black hole and neutron star–neutron star mergers and predicted emission from binary black holes embedded in AGN disks. My work combines theoretical modeling, machine learning, and simulation-based inference to understand the most energetic transients in the Universe. I also develop physics-informed open-source tools for the multi-messenger astronomy community, enabling rapid candidate vetting, ranking, and follow-up of newly discovered multimessenger events.

Multi-Messenger Astronomy Simulation-Based Inference Kilonova Modeling Binary Black Holes in AGN Disks Physics-Informed AI Computer Vision LLMs
Phelipe Darc
CBPF · RIO DE JANEIRO
CIERA · NORTHWESTERN 2025–26
NEURIPS 2023 / 2024 / 2025
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01

Research

13+
Publications
3
NeurIPS Papers
GW
Multi-Messenger
Open-Source Tools · MMA Community
KilonovaSCORER — Real-time Kilonova Ranking for GW Follow-up

An open-source framework for scoring optical transient candidates against a kilonova model grid in real time, deployed into TROVE (Tool for Rapid Object Vetting and Examination) — a community coordination platform for multimessenger follow-up. The framework enables rapid candidate vetting using simulation-based statistical diagnostics, making it suitable for alert-driven environments such as LSST brokers and gravitational-wave follow-up infrastructures.

Neural Posterior Estimation · SBI for Time-Domain
Simulation-Based Inference for Kilonova & Transient Parameter Estimation

Building amortized Bayesian pipelines using Neural Posterior Estimation, Neural Likelihood Estimation, and sequential likelihood-free methods to rapidly infer physical parameters from spectral and light curve data. Validated on AT2017gfo and GRB230307A.

EM Follow-up · BBH Mergers in AGN Disks
Electromagnetic Searches for BBH Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei

Leading optical and spectroscopic follow-up of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA binary black hole merger candidates (S231206cc & S240413p), testing whether mergers embedded in AGN accretion disks generate observable electromagnetic flares. This work combines transient discovery pipelines, physical modeling, BBH simulations and observational campaigns to probe one of the most promising channels for finding EM counterpart to BBH event ("Dark Flares").

LAB-IA · CBPF
ADSS & AI-Scope — Intelligent Infrastructure for Astronomy

As part of the CBPF LAB-IA group, developing the Astronomical Data Smart System, a next-generation platform for real-time transient discovery, alert filtering, and rapid physical inference in the LSST era. In parallel, contributing to AI-Scope, a community portal tailored for astronomers to query major sky surveys, access databases, explore catalogs, and build AI workflows for data analysis. Together, these tools bridge modern artificial intelligence with practical research infrastructure for the astronomy community.

GW Follow-up · Open-Source Pipeline
TEGLON — A Pixel-Level Gravitational-Wave Search and Analysis Pipeline

TEGLON: an open-source Python framework for GW follow-up. TEGLON ingests LVK HEALPix sky maps, applies galaxy-catalog completeness weighting, redistributes localization probability, and generates optimized telescope tiling plans. The pipeline supports both rapid target-of-opportunity campaigns and detectability analyses, with extensions for binary black hole events and AGN-host prioritization.

COIN · Cosmostatistics Initiative
Data-Driven Astrophysics with the Cosmostatistics Initiative (COIN)

Member of COIN — a worldwide interdisciplinary network building data-driven solutions across astrophysics. Current COIN contributions include: i) SAGUI, SED-based segmentation of multi-band galaxy images; ii) an archival search for intermediate-mass black hole tidal disruption events in 62,189 elliptical galaxies using ZTF. COIN projects span statistical methodology, machine learning, and open-source tool development for the global astronomy community.

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02

Publications

First Author entries marked in blue  ·  bold = P. Darc
2026
PASP · Submitted First Author CIERA / Northwestern
KilonovaSCORER: Real-time Ranking of Optical Transient Candidates for Gravitational-Wave Follow-up
P. Darc & C. D. Kilpatrick.  ·  Developed at CIERA, Northwestern University
Open-source framework for scoring and ranking kilonova candidates from sparse early-time multi-band photometry. Uses per-observation metrics Ptail,KNe and Pnear,KNe aggregated via inverse-variance weighting in logit space, with a sequential ABC diagnostic for temporal consistency. Validated on AT 2017gfo and SN 2025ulz; median supernova contaminant scores fall to zero by 3–4 d post-trigger under LSST ToO simulations while kilonova medians remain ≥ 0.4.
GitHub · phelipedarc/KilonovaSCORER
2026
arXiv Preprint First Author
Searching for Binary Black Hole Merger Emission in AGN Disks: Optical and Spectroscopic Follow-up of S240413p
P. Darc, Bom C.R., Santos A., Panda S., Rodríguez-Ramírez J.C., Kilpatrick C.D., de Oliveira C.M., et al.
arXiv:2603.26972
2026
arXiv Preprint · Instrumentation & Methods
SAGUI: SED-based Segmentation of Multi-band Galaxy Images — Application to JADES in GOODS-South
de Souza R.S., Wille A., Shenoy S., …, P. Darc, Durgesh R.
arXiv:2604.18812
2026
The Astrophysical Journal · Vol 998
SN 2022acko and the Properties of Its Red Supergiant Progenitor: Direct Detection, Light Curves, and Nebular Spectroscopy
Teixeira G., Kilpatrick C.D., Bom C.R., Santos A., P. Darc, et al.
ApJ 998(1):123
2026
arXiv Preprint · High Energy Astrophysics
Search For a Counterpart to the Subsolar Mass Gravitational Wave Candidate S251112cm
Vieira N., Franz N., Subrayan B., Kilpatrick C.D., …, P. Darc, et al.
arXiv:2603.17009
2025
Physical Review D · Vol 112(6) First Author
Long-term Optical Follow-up of S231206cc: Multimodel Constraints on BBH Merger Emission in AGN Disks
P. Darc, Bom C.R., Kilpatrick C.D., Santos A.S., Fraga B., Rodríguez-Ramírez J.C., Coulter D.A., et al.
Phys. Rev. D 112, 6
2025
The Astrophysical Journal Letters · Vol 994(2)
Optimizing Kilonova Searches: A Case Study of the Type IIb SN 2025ulz in the Localization Volume of Gravitational Wave Event S250818k
Franz N., Subrayan B., Kilpatrick C.D., …, Bom C.R., P. Darc, et al.
ApJL 994(2):L45
2025
NeurIPS 2025 · ML and Physical Sciences Workshop First Author
Symbolic Regression Is All You Need: From Simulations to Scaling Laws in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
P. Darc, Bom C.R., Kilpatrick C., Fraga B.M.O., Teixeira G.S.M.
arXiv:2511.08784   Camera-Ready PDF
2024
The Astrophysical Journal · Vol 971(1) First Author
Kilonova Spectral Inverse Modelling with Simulation-Based Inference: An Amortized Neural Posterior Estimation Analysis
P. Darc, Bom C.R., Fraga B., Kilpatrick C.D.
ApJ 971(1):82   arXiv:2311.09471
2024
NeurIPS 2024 · ML and Physical Sciences Workshop First Author
Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Kilonova Associated with GRB 230307A: Accelerated Parameter Estimation and Model Selection Through Likelihood-Free Inference
P. Darc, Bom C.R., Teixeira G.S.M., Kilpatrick C., Sherman N.
Workshop Paper PDF
2024
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · Vol 535(1)
A Dark Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA O4a and Previous Runs
Bom C.R., Alfradique V., Palmese A., Teixeira G., Santana-Silva L., Santos A., P. Darc
MNRAS 535(1):961–975
2024
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · Vol 529(1)
The S-PLUS Transient Extension Program: Imaging Pipeline, Transient Identification, and Survey Optimization for Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Santos A., Kilpatrick C.D., Bom C.R., P. Darc, Herpich F.R., et al.
MNRAS 529(1):59–73
2024
Astronomy and Computing
Photometric Redshifts Probability Density Estimation from Recurrent Neural Networks in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Data Release 2
Teixeira G., Bom C.R., Santana-Silva L., Fraga B.M.O., P. Darc, et al.
A&C 100886
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Curriculum Vitae

Education
2023 — PRESENT
Ph.D. in Physics
Centro Brasileiro De Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) · Rio de Janeiro
Supervisor: Clecio R. De Bom
2022 — 2023
M.Sc. in Physics
Centro Brasileiro De Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) · Rio de Janeiro
2017 — 2021
B.Sc. in Physics
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Selected Talks & Posters
NEURIPS 2025
Symbolic Regression Is All You Need: From Simulations to Scaling Laws in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
ML and the Physical Sciences Workshop · San Diego, USA
NEURIPS 2024
Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Kilonova Associated with GRB 230307A
ML and the Physical Sciences Workshop · Vancouver, Canada
NEURIPS 2023
Kilonova Spectral Inverse Modelling with Simulation-Based Inference
ML and the Physical Sciences Workshop · New Orleans, USA
Experience
DEC 2025 — MAY 2026
Visiting Researcher
CIERA · Northwestern University · Evanston, IL, USA
Developed and submitted KilonovaSCORER to PASP — real-time kilonova ranking framework for GW follow-up
2022
Research Internship
Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC)
NLP / BERTimbau / Symptoms classification
2020 — Now
Research Collaborations
DESGW Collaboration + S-PLUS + FINK + COIN + TROVE
Technical Skills
Machine Learning & AI
Simulation-Based Inference
CNNs / RNNs / Autoencoders
Bayesian Inference / Probabilistic Modeling
Transformers / LLM / AI-Agents
Tools & Languages
Python / SQL / Git
PyTorch / JAX / TensorFlow / Scikit-learn
Docker / Linux / APIs / FastAPI
AWS / GCP / HPC / Parallel Computing
04 / Contact
Open to postdoc and research collaborations

I am currently a Ph.D. candidate at CBPF, actively seeking postdoctoral opportunities in astrophysics, multi-messenger astronomy, or machine learning applied to physical sciences. I welcome opportunities to collaborate on challenging open problems at the intersection of AI and astrophysics.